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Is Born Again Culturally Appropriate to Describe

Ditulis Rabu, 16 Maret 2022 Tulis Komentar Edit

This article is nearly the Christian term. For other uses, see Born Again.

Evangelical Christian term

Born once again, or to feel the new nascence, is a phrase, specially in evangelicalism, that refers to a "spiritual rebirth", or a regeneration of the homo spirit. In contrast to 1's concrete nascency, being "built-in again" is distinctly and separately caused by baptism in the Holy Spirit, it is not caused by baptism in water. It is a core doctrine of the denominations of the Methodist, Quaker, Baptist, and Pentecostal Churches along with all other evangelical Christian denominations. All of these Churches strongly believe Jesus' words in the Gospels: "Yous must be born again before you can see, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven." Their doctrines too mandate that to exist both "born over again" and "saved", one must have a personal and intimate human relationship with Jesus Christ.[i] [2] [three] [4] [5] [half-dozen]

In contemporary Christian usage and apart from evangelicalism, the term is distinct from similar terms which are sometimes used in Christianity in reference to a person who is beingness or becoming a Christian. This usage of the term is usually linked to baptism with water and the related doctrine of baptismal regeneration. Individuals who profess to exist "born again" (significant in the "Holy Spirit") ofttimes state that they accept a "personal relationship with Jesus Christ".[vii] [5] [6]

In improver to using this phrase with those who exercise not profess to be Christians, some Evangelical Christians use the phrase and deliver those who belong to other Christian denominations or groups. This do is based on the belief that non-Evangelical Christians, fifty-fifty those Christians who are professed Christians, are not "born once more" and do not have a "personal relationship with Jesus." They therefore believe that they should deliver to non-Evangelical Christians in the same mode that they would evangelize to people who do not profess the Christian faith.

The phrase "built-in again" is besides used as an adjective to describe individual members of the movement who espouse this conventionalities, and it is also used as an adjective to describe the motion itself ("born-again Christian" and the "born-again motion").

Origin [edit]

Jesus and Nicodemus painting past Alexander Bida, 1874

The term is derived from an event in the Gospel of John in which the words of Jesus were not understood past a Jewish pharisee, Nicodemus.

Jesus replied, "Very truly I tell y'all, no one can encounter the kingdom of God unless they are born once more." "How can someone be born when they are old?" Nicodemus asked. "Surely they cannot enter a second time into their mother'south womb to exist born!" Jesus answered, "Very truly I tell you, no ane tin can enter the kingdom of God unless they are born of water and the Spirit."

—Gospel of John, John chapter 3, verses 3–5, NIV[eight]

The Gospel of John was written in Koine Greek, and the original text is ambiguous which results in a double entendre that Nicodemus misunderstands. The give-and-take translated every bit again is ἄνωθεν (ánōtʰen), which could mean either "again", or "from above".[9] The double entendre is a effigy of speech that the gospel author uses to create bewilderment or misunderstanding in the hearer; the misunderstanding is so antiseptic by either Jesus or the narrator. Nicodemus takes only the literal meaning from Jesus's statement, while Jesus clarifies that he ways more of a spiritual rebirth from above. English translations have to pick one sense of the phrase or another; the NIV, King James Version, and Revised Version apply "born over again", while the New Revised Standard Version[x] and the New English language Translation[11] prefer the "built-in from above" translation.[12] Most versions will annotation the alternative sense of the phrase anōthen in a footnote.

Edwyn Hoskyns argues that "born from higher up" is to be preferred as the cardinal meaning and he drew attention to phrases such as "birth of the Spirit",[13] "birth from God",[14] only maintains that this necessarily carries with it an emphasis upon the newness of the life every bit given by God himself.[xv]

The concluding use of the phrase occurs in the Commencement Epistle of Peter, rendered in the King James Version as:

Seeing ye have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren, [come across that ye] love one another with a pure eye fervently: / Being born again, non of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the word of God, which liveth and abideth for ever.

—1 Peter one:22-23[16]

Here, the Greek give-and-take translated as "born again" is ἀναγεγεννημένοι ( anagegennēménoi ).[17]

Interpretations [edit]

The traditional Jewish understanding of the promise of salvation is interpreted as being rooted in "the seed of Abraham"; that is, physical lineage from Abraham. Jesus explained to Nicodemus that this doctrine was in error—that every person must have two births—natural birth of the concrete body and some other of the h2o and the spirit.[18] This discourse with Nicodemus established the Christian belief that all human being beings—whether Jew or Gentile—must be "born again" of the spiritual seed of Christ. The Apostle Peter farther reinforced this understanding in i Peter 1:23.[19] [17] The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "[a] controversy existed in the archaic church over the interpretation of the expression the seed of Abraham. Information technology is [the Apostle Paul's] teaching in one case that all who are Christ's past faith are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to hope. He is concerned, however, with the fact that the hope is non being fulfilled to the seed of Abraham (referring to the Jews)."[20]

Charles Hodge writes that "The subjective alter wrought in the soul by the grace of God, is variously designated in Scripture" with terms such as new nascency, resurrection, new life, new creation, renewing of the mind, dying to sin and living to righteousness, and translation from darkness to light.[21]

Jesus used the "birth" illustration in tracing spiritual newness of life to a divine starting time. Gimmicky Christian theologians have provided explanations for "built-in from above" being a more accurate translation of the original Greek word transliterated anōthen. [22] Theologian Frank Stagg cites two reasons why the newer translation is significant:

  1. The emphasis "from above" (implying "from Heaven") calls attending to the source of the "newness of life". Stagg writes that the word "again" does non include the source of the new kind of beginning;
  2. More than personal improvement is needed. "a new destiny requires a new origin, and the new origin must be from God."[23]

An early on case of the term in its more modernistic utilise appears in the sermons of John Wesley. In the sermon entitled A New Birth he writes, "none can be holy unless he exist born again", and "except he be born again, none can be happy even in this world. For ... a man should not be happy who is not holy." Also, "I say, [a man] may exist born once again and and so become an heir of salvation." Wesley as well states infants who are baptized are born again, only for adults it is dissimilar:

our church supposes, that all who are baptized in their infancy, are at the same time born again. ... Simply ... information technology is sure all of riper years, who are baptized, are non at the same time built-in again.[24]

A Unitarian work called The Gospel Anchor noted in the 1830s that the phrase was non mentioned by the other Evangelists, nor by the Apostles except Peter. "It was not regarded by any of the Evangelists but John of sufficient importance to tape." It adds that without John, "we should hardly have known that information technology was necessary for one to exist born again." This suggests that "the text and context was meant to apply to Nicodemus particularly, and not to the world."[25]

Historicity [edit]

Scholars of historical Jesus, that is, attempting to ascertain how closely the stories of Jesus match the historical events they are based on, generally care for Jesus'southward conversation with Nicodemus in John 3 with skepticism. It details what is presumably a individual conversation between Jesus and Nicodemus, with none of the disciples seemingly attention, making information technology unclear how a record of this conversation was acquired. In add-on, the conversation is recorded in no other ancient Christian source other than John and works based on John.[26] According to Bart Ehrman, the larger issue is that the same problem English translations of the Bible have with the Greek ἄνωθεν (anōthen) is a trouble in the Aramaic language also: there is no single word in Aramaic that means both "again" and "from above", however the conversation rests on Nicodemus making this misunderstanding.[27] As the conversation was betwixt two Jews in Jerusalem, where Aramaic was the native linguistic communication, in that location is no reason to think that they'd have spoken in Greek.[26] This implies that even if based on a existent conversation, the writer of John heavily modified it to include Greek wordplay and idiom.[26]

Denominational positions [edit]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics notes: "The GSS ... has asked a born-again question on iii occasions ... 'Would you say you take been 'built-in over again' or accept had a 'born-again' experience?" The Handbook says that "Evangelical, black, and Latino Protestants tend to answer similarly, with about two-thirds of each group answering in the affirmative. In dissimilarity, just about one third of mainline Protestants and one 6th of Catholics (Anglo and Latino) claim a born-again feel." However, the handbook suggests that "born-over again questions are poor measures fifty-fifty for capturing evangelical respondents. ... it is probable that people who report a born-again experience also claim information technology equally an identity."[28]

Catholicism [edit]

Historically, the archetype text from John 3 was consistently interpreted by the early church building fathers as a reference to baptism.[29] Mod Cosmic interpreters have noted that the phrase 'born from above' or 'born again'[xxx] is antiseptic as 'being born of water and Spirit'.[31]

Cosmic commentator John F. McHugh notes, "Rebirth, and the kickoff of this new life, are said to come about ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, of water and spirit. This phrase (without the article) refers to a rebirth which the early Church regarded as taking identify through baptism."[32]

The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) notes that the essential elements of Christian initiation are: "declaration of the Give-and-take, credence of the Gospel entailing conversion, profession of religion, Baptism itself, and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and admission to Eucharistic communion."[33] Baptism gives the person the grace of forgiveness for all prior sins; information technology makes the newly baptized person a new creature and an adopted son of God;[34] it incorporates them into the Trunk of Christ[35] and creates a sacramental bond of unity leaving an enduring marker on our souls.[36] "Incorporated into Christ by Baptism, the person baptized is configured to Christ. Baptism seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual mark (character) of his belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents Baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation. Given in one case for all, Baptism cannot exist repeated."[37] The Holy Spirit is involved with each aspect of the motility of grace. "The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion. ... Moved by grace, man turns toward God and abroad from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high."[38]

The Catholic Church besides teaches that under special circumstances the need for water baptism tin can exist superseded by the Holy Spirit in a 'baptism of desire', such as when catechumens die or are martyred prior to receiving baptism.[39]

Pope John Paul II wrote in Catechesi Tradendae nigh "the problem of children baptized in infancy [who] come for catechesis in the parish without receiving any other initiation into the faith and however without any explicit personal attachment to Jesus Christ.".[40] He noted that "being a Christian means saying 'aye' to Jesus Christ, but permit usa remember that this 'yes' has two levels: It consists of surrendering to the word of God and relying on it, just information technology also ways, at a later stage, endeavoring to know better—and better the profound pregnant of this word."[41]

The modern expression being "built-in again" is actually most the concept of "conversion".

The National Directory of Catechesis (published by the United States Conference of Cosmic Bishops, USCCB) defines conversion equally, "the credence of a personal relationship with Christ, a sincere adherence to him, and a willingness to arrange ane's life to his."[42] To put it more but "Conversion to Christ involves making a genuine commitment to him and a personal decision to follow him as his disciple."[42]

Echoing the writings of Pope John Paul II, the National Directory of Catechesis describes a new intervention required by our modernistic globe called the "New Evangelization". The New Evangelization is directed to the Church building herself, to the baptized who were never finer evangelized earlier, to those who have never made a personal delivery to Christ and the Gospel, to those formed by the values of the secular culture, to those who have lost a sense of faith, and to those who are alienated.[43]

Declan O'Sullivan, co-founder of the Cosmic Men'due south Fellowship and knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, wrote that the "New Evangelization emphasizes the personal encounter with Jesus Christ as a pre-condition for spreading the gospel. The built-in-again experience is not simply an emotional, mystical high; the actually important affair is what happened in the convert'southward life afterwards the moment or menses of radical change."[44]

Lutheranism [edit]

The Lutheran Church holds that "we are apple-pie of our sins and born again and renewed in Holy Baptism by the Holy Ghost. Just she as well teaches that whoever is baptized must, through daily contrition and repentance, drown The Onetime Adam so that daily a new human come forth and ascend who walks before God in righteousness and purity forever. She teaches that whoever lives in sins later his baptism has again lost the grace of baptism."[45]

Moravianism [edit]

With regard to the New Birth, the Moravian Church holds that a personal conversion to Christianity is a joyful experience, in which the private "accepts Christ as Lord" after which faith "daily grows inside the person."[46] For Moravians, "Christ lived as a human because he wanted to provide a blueprint for future generations" and "a converted person could endeavor to live in his image and daily become more than like Jesus."[46] As such, "center religion" characterizes Moravian Christianity.[46] The Moravian Church has historically emphasized evangelism, particularly missionary work, to spread the religion.[47]

Anglicanism [edit]

The phrase born over again is mentioned in the 39 Manufactures of the Anglican Church in article XV, entitled "Of Christ alone without Sin". In part, it reads: "sin, as S. John saith, was non in Him. But all we the balance, although baptized and built-in over again in Christ, yet offend in many things: and if we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is non in us."[48]

Although the phrase "baptized and born once more in Christ" occurs in Article XV, the reference is conspicuously to the scripture passage in John 3:iii.[49]

Reformed [edit]

In Reformed theology, Holy Baptism is the sign and the seal of one's regeneration, which is of condolement to the believer.[50] The time of 1'south regeneration, however, is a mystery to oneself according to the Canons of Dort.[50]

According to the Reformed churches being born again refers to "the inward working of the Spirit which induces the sinner to respond to the effectual call". According to the Westminster Shorter Catechism, Q 88, "the outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are, his ordinances, specially the word, sacraments, and prayer; all of which are made effectual to the elect for salvation."[51] Effectual calling is "the piece of work of God'southward Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, he doth persuade and enable u.s.a. to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the gospel."[52] [53]

In Reformed theology, "regeneration precedes organized religion."[54] Samuel Storms writes that, "Calvinists insist that the sole cause of regeneration or being born over again is the will of God. God first sovereignly and efficaciously regenerates, and only in outcome of that exercise we act. Therefore, the individual is passive in regeneration, neither preparing himself nor making himself receptive to what God will do. Regeneration is a change wrought in us past God, not an autonomous act performed by us for ourselves."[55]

Quakerism [edit]

The Fundamental Yearly Meeting of Friends, a Holiness Quaker denomination, teaches that regeneration is the "divine work of initial conservancy (Tit. 3:5), or conversion, which involves the accompanying works of justification (Rom. 5:18) and adoption (Rom. 8:15, sixteen)."[three] In regeneration, which occurs in the New Nascency], there is a "transformation in the eye of the laic wherein he finds himself a new cosmos in Christ (Ii Cor. 5:17; Col. ane:27)."[3]

Following the New Nascency, George Play a trick on taught the possibility of "holiness of centre and life through the instantaneous baptism with the Holy Spirit subsequent to the new nascency" (cf. Christian perfection).[56]

Methodism [edit]

In Methodism, the "new birth is necessary for conservancy because information technology marks the move toward holiness. That comes with religion."[1] John Wesley, held that the New Birth "is that bully change which God works in the soul when he brings information technology into life, when he raises it from the decease of sin to the life of righteousness."[58] [1] In the life of a Christian, the new birth is considered the first work of grace.[59] In keeping with Wesleyan-Arminian covenant theology, the Articles of Religion, in Article XVII—Of Baptism, country that baptism is a "sign of regeneration or the new birth."[threescore] The Methodist Visitor in describing this doctrine, admonishes individuals: "'Ye must be born again.' Yield to God that He may perform this work in and for you. Admit Him to your centre. 'Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and grand shalt be saved.'"[61] [62] Methodist theology teaches that the New Nascency contains 2 phases that occur together, justification and regeneration:[63]

Though these ii phases of the new birth occur simultaneously, they are, in fact, two dissever and singled-out acts. Justification is that gracious and judicial act of God whereby a soul is granted complete absolution from all guilt and a full release from the punishment of sin (Romans iii:23-25). This act of divine grace is wrought by faith in the merits of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ (Romans v:1). Regeneration is the impartation of divine life which is manifested in that radical alter in the moral character of man, from the love and life of sin to the beloved of God and the life of righteousness (2 Corinthians five:17; 1 Peter 1:23). ―Principles of Faith, Emmanuel Association of Churches[63]

Baptists [edit]

Baptists teach that a "person is born again when he/she repents of his/her sins and asks Jesus to forgive him/her and trust Jesus to serve him/her."[64] Those who take been built-in again, according to Baptist teaching, know that they are "a kid of God considering the Holy Spirit witnesses to them that they are" (cf. assurance).[64]

Pentecostalism [edit]

Pentecost by Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld. Woodcut for "Die Bibel in Bildern", 1860.

Holiness Pentecostals historically teach the new birth (first work of grace), entire sanctification (second work of grace) and baptism with the Holy Spirit, as evidenced by glossolalia, every bit the third work of grace.[65] [66] The New Nascency, according to Pentecostal teaching, imparts "spiritual life".[four]

Jehovah's Witnesses [edit]

Jehovah'south Witnesses believe that individuals exercise not accept the power to cull to be born once again, but that God calls and selects his followers "from above".[67] But those belonging to the "144,000" are considered to be born over again.[68] [69]

The Church building of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [edit]

The Book of Mormon emphasizes the need for everyone to be reborn of God.[seventy]

Disagreements between denominations [edit]

The term "born again" is used by several Christian denominations, simply in that location are disagreements on what the term means, and whether members of other denominations are justified in claiming to exist born-again Christians.

Catholic Answers says:

Catholics should inquire [Evangelical] Protestants, "Are you built-in once more—the way the Bible understands that concept?" If the Evangelical has not been properly water baptized, he has non been born again "the Bible style," regardless of what he may think.[71]

On the other hand, an Evangelical site argues:

Another of many examples is the Cosmic who claims he also is "born again." ... However, what the committed Cosmic ways is that he received his spiritual nascency when he was baptized—either as an infant or when as an adult he converted to Catholicism. That's non what Jesus meant when He told Nicodemus he "must exist born once more."[72] The deliberate adoption of biblical terms which take different meanings for Catholics has become an effective tool in Rome's ecumenical agenda.[73]

The Reformed view of regeneration may exist set up apart from other outlooks in at least 2 ways.

First, classical Roman Catholicism teaches that regeneration occurs at baptism, a view known equally baptismal regeneration. Reformed theology has insisted that regeneration may accept place at whatever time in a person's life, even in the womb. It is not somehow the automatic consequence of baptism. 2nd, it is mutual for many other evangelical branches of the church to speak of repentance and faith leading to regeneration (i.due east., people are born again only after they exercise saving faith). By contrast, Reformed theology teaches that original sin and total depravity deprive all people of the moral power and volition to exercise saving religion. ... Regeneration is entirely the work of God the Holy Spirit - nosotros tin can do zero on our own to obtain it. God solitary raises the elect from spiritual death to new life in Christ.[74] [75]

History and usage [edit]

Historically, Christianity has used various metaphors to describe its rite of initiation, that is, spiritual regeneration via the sacrament of baptism by the power of the water and the spirit. This remains the mutual understanding in most of Christendom, held, for example, in Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, Lutheranism,[45] Anglicanism,[76] and in other historic branches of Protestantism. However, sometime later on the Reformation, Evangelicalism attributed greater significance to the expression born once more [77] as an experience of religious conversion,[78] symbolized by deep-water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's own personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation. This same conventionalities is, historically, besides an integral part of Methodist doctrine,[79] [80] and is connected with the doctrine of Justification.[81]

According to Encyclopædia Britannica:

'Rebirth' has often been identified with a definite, temporally datable form of 'conversion'. ... With the voluntaristic type, rebirth is expressed in a new alignment of the will, in the liberation of new capabilities and powers that were hitherto undeveloped in the person concerned. With the intellectual type, information technology leads to an activation of the capabilities for understanding, to the quantum of a "vision". With others it leads to the discovery of an unexpected beauty in the guild of nature or to the discovery of the mysterious pregnant of history. With still others it leads to a new vision of the moral life and its orders, to a selfless realization of love of neighbor. ... each person afflicted perceives his life in Christ at any given time as "newness of life."[82]

According to J. Gordon Melton:

Born again is a phrase used by many Protestants to draw the phenomenon of gaining religion in Jesus Christ. Information technology is an experience when everything they have been taught every bit Christians becomes real, and they develop a direct and personal human relationship with God.[83]

According to Andrew Purves and Charles Partee:

Sometimes the phrase seems to exist judgmental, making a distinction between genuine and nominal Christians. Sometimes ... descriptive, similar the stardom between liberal and conservative Christians. Occasionally, the phrase seems historic, similar the division between Catholic and Protestant Christians. ... [the term] usually includes the notion of human choice in conservancy and excludes a view of divine election by grace alone.[84]

The term built-in again has get widely associated with the evangelical Christian renewal since the late 1960s, start in the United States and so around the world. Associated possibly initially with Jesus People and the Christian counterculture, built-in again came to refer to a conversion experience, accepting Jesus Christ as lord and savior in order to be saved from hell and given eternal life with God in sky, and was increasingly used equally a term to identify devout believers.[12] Past the mid-1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as office of the born once again move.

In 1976, Watergate conspirator Chuck Colson's book Built-in Once more gained international observe. Time magazine named him "One of the 25 virtually influential Evangelicals in America."[85] The term was sufficiently prevalent so that during the year'south presidential campaign, Democratic party nominee Jimmy Carter described himself as "built-in again" in the first Playboy magazine interview of an American presidential candidate.

Colson describes his path to religion in conjunction with his criminal imprisonment and played a significant function in solidifying the "born again" identity as a cultural construct in the U.s.. He writes that his spiritual experience followed considerable struggle and hesitancy to have a "personal run into with God." He recalls:

while I sabbatum alone staring at the sea I love, words I had not been certain I could empathise or say fell from my lips: "Lord Jesus, I believe in You. I accept Y'all. Please come into my life. I commit it to You lot." With these few words...came a sureness of mind that matched the depth of feeling in my heart. There came something more than: strength and quiet, a wonderful new balls about life, a fresh perception of myself in the world around me.[86]

Jimmy Carter was the first President of the United States to publicly declare that he was born-once more, in 1976.[87] By the 1980 campaign, all three major candidates stated that they had been built-in again.[88]

Sider and Knippers[89] country that "Ronald Reagan's election that fall [was] aided past the votes of 61% of 'born-again' white Protestants."

The Gallup Organization reported that "In 2003, 42% of U.S. adults said they were born-over again or evangelical; the 2004 percentage is 41%" and that, "Black Americans are far more likely to place themselves equally built-in-again or evangelical, with 63% of blacks proverb they are born-again, compared with 39% of white Americans. Republicans are far more probable to say they are born-once more (52%) than Democrats (36%) or independents (32%)."[90]

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, referring to several studies, reports "that 'built-in-again' identification is associated with lower back up for government anti-poverty programs." Information technology also notes that "self-reported born-once again" Christianity, "strongly shapes attitudes towards economic policy."[91]

Names which accept been inspired by the term [edit]

The idea of "rebirth in Christ" has inspired[92] some common European forenames: French René/Renée, Dutch Renaat/Renate, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese and Croatian Renato/Renata, Latin Renatus/Renata, all of which mean "reborn", "born over again".[93]

Run into also [edit]

  • Altar telephone call – Tradition in some Christian churches
  • Baptismal regeneration – Doctrines held by major Christian denomination
  • Born-once again virgin – Person who commits to abstinence after having had sexual intercourse
  • Child dedication – Human activity of consecration of children
  • Jesus movement – One-time evangelical Christian motility
  • Dvija – Twice-born status of Hindu male after Upanayana
  • Evangelism – Preaching the Gospel of Jesus Christ
  • Monergism – View inside Christian theology
  • Sinner's prayer – Evangelical Christian term referring to any prayer of repentance

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b c Joyner, F. Belton (2007). United Methodist Questions, United Methodist Answers: Exploring Christian Religion. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 39. ISBN9780664230395 . Retrieved ten April 2014. The new birth is necessary for salvation because it marks the motility toward holiness. That comes with faith.
  2. ^ Cathcart, William (1883). The Baptist Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances ... of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands, with Numerous Biographical Sketches...& a Supplement. L. H. Everts. p. 834.
  3. ^ a b c Transmission of Faith and Practice of Central Yearly Meeting of Friends. Fundamental Yearly Coming together of Friends. 2018. p. 26.
  4. ^ a b Wood, William W. (1965). Culture and Personality Aspects of the Pentecostal Holiness Religion. Mouton & Company. p. xviii. ISBN978-3-11-204424-vii.
  5. ^ a b Bornstein, Erica (2005). The spirit of evolution: Protestant NGOs, morality, and economics in Zimbabwe. Stanford University Press. ISBN9780804753364 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. A senior staff member in World Vision's California office elaborated on the importance of being "built-in again," emphasizing a fundamental "human relationship" between individuals and Jesus Christ: "...the importance of a personal relationship with Christ [is] that it'south not just a affair of going to Christ or being baptized when you are an infant. We believe that people need to be regenerated. They need a spiritual rebirth. The need to exist born again. ...You lot must be born again before yous tin come across, or enter, the Kingdom of Heaven."
  6. ^ a b Lever, A. B. (2007). And God Said... ISBN9781604771152 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. From speaking to other Christians I know that the distinction of a born again believer is a personal feel of God that leads to a personal human relationship with Him.
  7. ^ Price, Robert Thou. (1993). Beyond Born Again: Toward Evangelical Maturity. Wildside Printing. ISBN9781434477484 . Retrieved 30 July 2011. I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ.
  8. ^ John iii:3-5
  9. ^ Danker, Frederick W., et al, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early on Christian Literature, 3rd ed (Chicago: University of Chicago,2010), 92. Specifically come across the first (from in a higher place) and fourth (once again, anew) meanings.
  10. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  11. ^ Jn 3:3 NET
  12. ^ a b Mullen, MS., in Kurian, GT., The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization, J. Wiley & Sons, 2012, p. 302.
  13. ^ Jn 1:5
  14. ^ cf. Jn 1:12-13; 1Jn 2:29, 3:9, four:seven, v:18
  15. ^ Hoskyns, Sir Edwyn C. and Davy, F.North.(ed), The Fourth Gospel, Faber & Faber 2nd ed. 1947, pp. 211,212
  16. ^ 1Peter i:22-23
  17. ^ a b Fisichella, SJ., Taking Away the Veil: To See Across the Pall of Illusion, iUniverse, 2003, pp. 55-56.
  18. ^ Emmons, Samuel B. A Bible Dictionary. BiblioLife, 2008. ISBN 978-0-554-89108-viii.
  19. ^ 1Peter 1:23
  20. ^ Driscoll, James F. "Divine Promise (in Scripture)". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Visitor, 1911. 15 November 2009.[1]
  21. ^ "Systematic Theology - Volume 3 - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org . Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  22. ^ The New Testament Greek Lexicon. 30 July 2009.
  23. ^ Stagg, Evelyn and Frank. Woman in the World of Jesus. Philadelphia: Westminster Printing, 1978. ISBN 0-664-24195-6
  24. ^ Wesley, J., The works of the Reverend John Wesley, Methodist Episcopal Church, 1831, pp. 405–406.
  25. ^ LeFevre, CF. and Williamson, ID., The Gospel anchor. Troy, NY, 1831–32, p. 66. [two]
  26. ^ a b c Ehrman, Bart (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented Their Stories of the Savior. HarperOne. pp. 108–109. ISBN978-0062285201.
  27. ^ "Biblical Errancy: The "Built-in Again" Dialogue In the Gospel of John". Biblical Errancy . Retrieved xi September 2019.
  28. ^ The Oxford Handbook of Organized religion and American Politics, OUP, p16.
  29. ^ Joel C. Elworthy, Ed. Aboriginal Christian Commentary on Scripture, New Attestation IVa, John 1-10 (Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 2007), p. 109-110
  30. ^ John 3:3
  31. ^ John three:v
  32. ^ John F. McHugh, John 1-4, The International Critical Commentary (New York: T&T Clark, 2009), p. 227
  33. ^ CCC 1229
  34. ^ 2 Corinthians 5:17; 2 Peter 1:4
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External links [edit]

  • The New Nascency, John Wesley, sermon No. 45. Wesley's instruction on being born over again, and argument that it is fundamental to Christianity.

harvardwastoponcen99.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born_again

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